Physical Sciences
1. The motion of objects can be observed and measured. As a basis for understanding this concept:

a. Students know the position of an object can be described by locating it in relation to another object or to the background.
b. Students know an object's motion can be described by recording the change in position of the object over time.
c. Students know the way to change how something is moving is by giving it a push or a pull. The size of the change is related to the strength, or amount of force, of the push or pull.
d. Students know tools and machines are used to apply pushes and pulls (forces) to make things move.
e. Students know objects fall to the ground unless something holds them up.
f. Students know magnet can be used to make some objects move without being touched.
g. Students know sound is made by vibrating objects and can be described by its pitch and volume.

Life Sciences
2.2 Plants and animals have predictable life cycles. As a basis for understanding this concept:

a. Students know that organisms reproduce offspring of their own kind and that the offspring resemble their parents and one another.
b. Students know the sequential stages of life cycles are different for different animals, such as butterflies, frogs, and mice.
c. Students know many characteristics of an organism are inherited from the parents. Some characteristics are caused or influenced by the environment.
d. Students know there is a variation among individuals of one kind within a population.
e. Students know light, gravity, touch, or environmental stress can affect the germination, growth, and development of plants.
f. Students know flowers and fruit are associated with the reproduction of plants.